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1.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 60(supl.1): 119-129, feb. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-59856

RESUMO

Las secuelas más habituales que se presentan en el tratamiento de los quemodectomas cervicocefálicos son lesiones de pares craneales; de éstos, los que se ven afectados con más frecuencia son los nervios trigémino, facial, glosofaríngeo, vago e hipogloso. Las lesiones de los conocidos como “pares bajos” (IX, X, XII y XII) afectarán a las fases oral y faríngea de la deglución, y frecuentemente conducirán a que se produzca aspiración. La frecuencia con la que se ven afectados varía en función de distintos factores; en los glomusvagales es del 30% y en los carotídeos, del 20%. Si se afecta el V y el VII pares, puede presentarse un defecto en la preparación oral y el transporte del bolo, así como babeo. En las lesiones del IX y el X pares puede asociarse retraso del inicio de la fase faríngea, reflujo nasal, disfonía, retención de secreciones en seno piriforme y aspiración. En las lesiones del par XII se afectará la fase oral de la deglución. El tratamiento de la disfagia y la aspiración, frecuentemente, podrá manejarse con maniobras facilitadoras dela deglución, cambios en la consistencia y/o volúmenes. El resto de las complicaciones que se pueden producir son parálisis facial, fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y complicaciones vasculares. La parálisis facial puede producirse por dos mecanismos: por un lado, por afectación central, como complicación de la embolización preoperatoria, y, por otro, por afectación directa durante la cirugía o durante un ocasional tratamiento con radioterapia. El tratamiento podrá realizarse bien durante el propio procedimiento quirúrgico, o bien tratar las secuelas de parálisis facial posteriormente, tanto en su consideración funcional como estética (AU)


The most common sequele in the treatment of head and neck chemodectomas are cranial nerve lesions; of these, the most frequently affected are the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossus nerves. The lesions of the “lower cranial nerves” (IX, X, XI and XII) affect the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing and frequently lead to aspiration. The frequency with which these nerves are affected varies according to several factors, being 30%in glomus vagale tumors and 20% in carotid tumors. If the V and VII cranial nerves are affected, defects in oral preparation, bolus transport and drooling may occur. Lesions of the XI and X cranial nerves are associated with delayed initiationof the pharyngeal phase, nasal reflux, dysphonia, retained secretions in the piriform sinus, and aspiration. Lesions of the XII cranial nerves affect the oral phase of swallowing. Treatment of dysphagia and aspiration will often be managed with maneuvers to aid swallowing, and changes in food bolus consistency and/or volumes. The remaining complications that can be produced are facial palsy, cerebrospinal fluid fistula, and vascular complications. Facial palsy can be produced by two mechanisms: on the one hand, by central involvement, as a complication of preoperative embolization, and on the other, by direct involvement during surgery or during occasional treatment with radiotherapy. Treatment, whether functional or cosmetic, can be provided either during surgery or subsequently to treat the sequelae of facial palsy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Paraganglioma/cirurgia , Doenças do Nervo Facial/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Facial/terapia , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia
2.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 16(6): 507-10, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19005321

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews literature on the diagnosis and management of globus. The maneuver of pulling the tongue forward is important in the diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS: In some patients, physical examination will reveal findings that could be a possible cause of globus. The more frequent findings are tongue base hypertrophy and uvula hypertrophy. In these selected patients, surgical treatment such as partial epiglottectomy or uvulectomia can be offered. Treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor will be useful in some patients with globus. SUMMARY: The diagnosis of globus must be carried out by exclusion with an exhaustive clinical exploration of some anatomical factors that could result in surgical treatment.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha
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